Solidarity as an Infrapolitical Tool of Repression in a Far-right Online Community

Authors

  • Tristan Boursier Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1285/i20356609v19n2p558-579

Keywords:

Infrapolitics, Solidarity, Soft Repression, Far-Right, Digital Communities, Netnography

Abstract

This article examines how solidarity, typically understood as a relational resource for emancipation, can function instead as a mechanism of informal repression within far-right digital communities. Drawing on a 15-month netnographic study of Le Bastion, an online self-help network organized around a far-right influencer, the article introduces the concept of mutilated solidarity---a form of relational bonding that reproduces ideological conformity rather than enabling political subjectivation. Combined with a revised reading of Scott's infrapolitics, the study proposes the concept of inverted infrapolitics to describe horizontal, affective, and symbolic forms of control. Through discourse analysis and thematic mapping, it shows how emotions such as shame, pride, and fear are mobilized to normalize virilist, hierarchical values under the guise of fraternity. This article contributes to the critical sociology of solidarity by rethinking the affective infrastructures of ideological reproduction in far-right online spaces, and foregrounds the ambivalent role of care in contemporary political subjectivation.

Author Biography

Tristan Boursier, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)

is a postdoctoral fellow in political science at UQAM and CEVIPOF, Sciences Po. His research focuses on contemporary far-right movements, antifeminism, metapolitics, and the circulation of reactionary ideas in digital spaces. His current work examines the role of political influencers in the diffusion of far-right and antifeminist ideas, using discourse analysis and LLM-assisted methods. He has recently published on far-right metapolitics, white supremacist discourse on YouTube, and the political functions of antifeminism in contemporary reactionary movements.

References

Abu-Lughod L (1990) The Romance of Resistance: Tracing Transformations of Power Through Bedouin Women. American Ethnologist 17(1). [Wiley, American Anthropological Association]: 41--55.

Askanius T (2021) On Frogs, Monkeys, and Execution Memes: Exploring the Humor-Hate Nexus at the Intersection of Neo-Nazi and Alt-Right Movements in Sweden. Television & New Media 22(2): 147--165.

Baele SJ, Brace L and Coan TG (2020) Uncovering the Far-Right Online Ecosystem: An Analytical Framework and Research Agenda. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism: 1--21.

Bayertz K (1999) Four Uses of "Solidarity". In: Bayertz K (ed.) Solidarity. Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 3--28.

Boursier, T. (2022). White Supremacism on YouTube: How to Rewrite History from a Racist Point of View. In C. Kaiser, O. Khiari, & V. S. Lühr (Éds.), Temporalities of Diversity / Temporalités de la diversité / Zeitlichkeiten der Vielfalt (p. 65-87). Waxmann.

Boursier, T. (2023). Penser les conditions d'impossibilité de la solidarité inclusive [Sciences Po Paris, Université de Montréal].

Boursier, T. (2025). La banalisation du suprémacisme blanc sur YouTube: Analyse des convergences et influences idéologiques au sein de l'extrême droite française. Politique et sociétés, 44(1), 35-62.

Branthonne A and Waldispuehl E (2019) La netnographie pour étudier une communauté masculiniste en ligne: contributions méthodologiques d'un e-terrain. Recherches qualitatives (24): 6--19.

Bures E (2023) The Intellectual as Culture Warrior: Metapolitics and the European New Right. Fascism, 12(1), 1-26.

Carter E (2018) Right-wing extremism/radicalism: Reconstructing the concept. Journal of Political Ideologies, 23(2), 157-182.

Chouliaraki L (2013) The Ironic Spectator: Solidarity in the Age of Post-Humanitarianism. Cambridge, Malden, MA: Polity Press.

Chouliaraki L and Bale J (2025) How the far right weaponizes victimhood. In: British Politics and Policy at LSE.

Conway, J. M., Dufour, P., & Masson, D. (2021). Cross-border solidarities in twenty-first century contexts: Feminist perspectives and activist practices. Rowman and Littlefield.

Copeland OM (2024) Interrogating the incel-o-sphere: The state of the subaltern counterpublic sphere in the digital age of extremism. International Journal of Cultural Studies 27(6): 889--905.

Donnelly MJ (2016) Competition and solidarity: union members and immigration in Europe. West European Politics 39(4): 688--709.

Dorlin E (2011) Dark care: de la servitude à la sollicitude. In: Paperman P and Laugier S (eds) Le souci des autres. Éditions de l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales, pp. 117--127.

DuFord R (2022) Solidarity in Conflict: A Democratic Theory. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

Duvoux N (2009) L'autonomie Des Assistés: Sociologie Des Politiques d'insertion. Le lien social. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.

Esping-Andersen G (2015) Welfare regimes and social stratification. Journal of European Social Policy 25(1): 124--134.

Ferguson A (2009) Feminist Paradigms of Solidarity and Justice. Philosophical topics 37(2). The University of Arkansas Press: 161--177.

Ferree MM (2005) Soft Repression: Ridicule, Stigma, and Silencing in Gender-Based Movements. In: Repression and Mobilization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 138--155.

Foessel M and Ollion É (2024) Une étrange victoire: l'extrême droite contre la politique. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.

Ganesh B (2025) The Western Far Right and Digital Technology: Fuzzy Collectivity From Translocal Whiteness to Networked Metapolitics. Sociology Compass 19(2): 1--15.

Gill R (2007) Postfeminist media culture: Elements of a sensibility. European Journal of Cultural Studies 10(2): 147--166.

Ging D (2019) Alphas, Betas, and Incels: Theorizing the Masculinities of the Manosphere. Men and Masculinities 22(4): 638--657.

Gould CC (2020) Motivating Solidarity with Distant Others: Empathic Politics, Responsibility, and the Problem of Global Justice. In: Brooks T (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Global Justice. Oxford University Press, pp. 121--138.

Hooker J (2009) Race and the Politics of Solidarity. 1st ed. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.

hooks bell (2015) Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. New York: Routledge.

Knight NK (2010) Wrinkling complexity: concepts of identity and affiliation in humour. New discourse on language: Functional perspectives on multimodality, identity, and affiliation. London: Continuum: 35--58.

Kozinets RV (2002) The Field behind the Screen: Using Netnography for Marketing Research in Online Communities. Journal of marketing research 39(1). Chicago: American Marketing Association: 61--72.

Marwick AE and Caplan R (2018) Drinking male tears: language, the manosphere, and networked harassment. Feminist Media Studies 18(4): 543--559.

Massanari AL (2018) Rethinking Research Ethics, Power, and the Risk of Visibility in the Era of the "Alt-Right" Gaze. Social Media + Society 4(2).

Montagner A (2020) Le nationalisme conspirationniste soralien, une idéologie radicale et marginale de l'extrême droite française contemporaine. Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux.

Nagle A (2018) Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars from 4chan and Tumblr to Trump and the Alt-Right. Charlotte NC: John Hunt Pub.

Norocel OC (2022) Gendering Web2.0 Sociotechnical Affordances of Far-Right Metapolitics. Social Media + Society 8(3).

Norocel OC (2023) Research bricolage on far-right metapolitics: superordinate intersectionality perspectives on digital identities. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 24(5): 1--17.

Quadagno JS (1994) The Color of Welfare: How Racism Undermined the War on Poverty. New York: Oxford University Press.

Scholz SJ (2008) Political Solidarity. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Schradie J (2019) The Revolution That Wasn't: How Digital Activism Favors Conservatives. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Scott JC (ed.) (1990) Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. 1er ed. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Sengul K (2025) How are far-right online communities using X/Twitter Spaces? Discourse, communication, sharing. Discourse, Context & Media 65: 100884.

Sinkeviciute V (2019) The interplay between humour and identity construction: From humorous identities to identities constructed through humorous practices. Journal of Pragmatics 152: 127--131.

Steer OL, Betts LR, Baguley T, et al. (2020) "I feel like everyone does it"- adolescents' perceptions and awareness of the association between humour, banter, and cyberbullying. Computers in Human Behavior 108: 106297.

Tebaldi C and Burnett S (2025) The Science of Desire: Beauty, Masculinity, and Ideology on the Far Right. Journal of Right-Wing Studies 2(2).

Vey V and Perrier Z (2022) L'humour antiféministe du Raptor et de Papacito: analyse d'une stratégie énonciative de l'extrême-droite en ligne. Cahiers de recherche en politique appliquée VIII(1 Hiver): 64--81.

Voirol O (2020) Solidarity as Social Reconstruction: Against "Regressive Communities", beyond the Neoliberal Agenda. Comparative sociology 19(6). Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, Inc: 708--728.

Wedeen L (1999) Ambiguities of Domination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Zschache U, Theiss M and Paschou M (2020) What Is Solidarity About? Views of Transnational Organisations' Activists in Germany, Poland, and Greece. Sociological Research Online. SAGE Publications Ltd.

Downloads

Published

29-06-2026

How to Cite

Boursier, T. (2026). Solidarity as an Infrapolitical Tool of Repression in a Far-right Online Community. PARTECIPAZIONE E CONFLITTO, 19(2), 558–579. https://doi.org/10.1285/i20356609v19n2p558-579

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.