Squatted and Self-Managed Social Centres in Mexico City: Four Case Studies from 1978-2020

Authors

  • Robert González Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
  • Diego de Santiago Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City
  • Marco Antonio Rodríguez Sublevarte Colectivo, Mexico City

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1285/i20356609v13i3p1269

Keywords:

commons, Mexico, self-management social centres, squatting, success/failure perspective

Abstract

A number of remarkable examples of self-managed social centres can be found among squatting and autonomous social movements in Mexico; despite sharing some of the traits found in European squatting movements, they also reflect the specificities and characteristics of the Latin American context. This paper aims to describe and compare four of these case studies in Mexico City: Biblioteca Social Reconstruir (BSR, Rebuild Social Library), Escuela de Cultura Popular Mártires del 68 (ECPM 68, Martyrs of 68 Popular Culture School), Okupa Che and Chanti Ollin. By examining these four examples in terms of the politics of self-management, it is possible to evaluate the achievements and limitations of this type of urban commons in Mexico from a critical success/failure perspective. Moreover, the different chronology of the four cases allows for an analysis of different stages in the relationship between urban social movements and broad grassroots movements in the country. The methodological approach includes committed ethnography, participant observation and in-depth interviews.

Author Biographies

Robert González, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo

Robert González (Lleida, Spain, 1975) is a professor and researcher in Political Science and Public Administration at the Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities at the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mexico. He holds a Ph.D in Political Science from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (2011). As well as being actively involved in different social movements, he has conducted research and produced publications on citizen participation, public policy, youth, and social movements.

Diego de Santiago, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City

Diego de Santiago (Mexico City, 1989) has a BA in Visual Arts from UNAM and a Master's degree in Social Anthropology from the Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, where he researched political squatting movements in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. He defines himself as an ethically engaged social researcher and his research focuses largely on urban anthropology, social movements, anarchist studies, critical pedagogies, and gender and education studies.

Marco Antonio Rodríguez, Sublevarte Colectivo, Mexico City

Marco Antonio Rodríguez (Mexico City, 1979) holds a Master’s degree in Urban Art from the Faculty of Art and Design at UNAM. He is an audiovisual producer and trans-disciplinary artist who explores processes taking place in the public space. He is also an activist at Sublevarte Colectivo and LaOtraGrafika in Mexico City. He was involved in ECPM68 from 2000 to 2019.

References

Aquino, A. (2013), “La comunalidad como Epistemología del Sur”, Cuaderno del sur, 18 (34), 7-17.

Bautista, R. (2015), Movimiento Urbano Popular. 1968-2011, México: Casa y Ciudad.

Cattaneo, C. and Martínez, M.A. (2014), “Introduction: Squatting as an Alternative to Capitalism”, in SqEK, Cattaneo, C. and

Martínez, M.A., The Squatters’ Movement in Europe. Commons and Autonomy as Alternatives to Capitalism, London: Pluto Press, pp. 1-25.

Cerón, A. (2012), “El Movimiento del 68 en México: interpretaciones historiográficas 1998-2008”, Andamios, 9(20): 237-257.

De Santiago, D. (2018), Ser o no ser okupa en la Zona Metropolitana del Valles de México: ¿habitar alternativo de la ciudad neoliberal? Master Thesis, Ciudad de México: Maestría en Antropología Social, Universidad Iberoamericana.

Díaz, F. (1995), “Comunidad y comunalidad”, Diálogos en la acción, Recovered from http://rusredire.lautre.net/wp-content/uploads/Comunidad.-y-0comunalidad.pdf

Dinerstein, A. (2014), The politics of autonomy in Latin America: The art of organising hope. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Domínguez, O. (coord.) (2015), El anarquismo en México, México: Palabra de Clío.

Good, C. (2005), “Ejes Conceptuales entre los Nahuas de Guerrero: Expresión de un Modelo Fenomenológico Mesoamericano", Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl, 36: 87-113.

Graeber, D. (2009), Direct Action: an ethnography, Oakland: AK Press.

Haiven, M.and Khasnabish, A. (2013), “Between success and failure: Dwelling with social movements in the hiatus”, Interface: A Journal for and about Social Movements, 5(2): 472-498.

Hardt, M. and Negri, A. (2009), Commonwealth, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Hart, J. M. (1974), Los anarquistas mexicanos, 1860-1900, México: Secretaria de Educación Pública.

Harvey, D. (2013), Ciudades Rebeldes. Del derecho a la ciudad a la revolución urbana. Madrid: Akal.

Icazuriaga, C., Pérez, M., Téllez, L. F. and Zamorano, C. (eds) (2017), Por el derecho a la ciudad. Diálogos entre academia y organizaciones sociales de la Ciudad de México, México: CIESAS.

Jardón, R. (1998), 1968. El fuego de la esperanza, México: Siglo XXI.

Juris, J. (2008), Networking Futures: The Movements Against Corporate Globalization, Durham: Duke University Press.

Knight, R. (2018), Constructing and Navigating Autonomous Self-Organization: Notes and Experiences From Community Struggles in Mexico, PhD Dissertation, Mānoa: University of Hawai.

Martínez, M.A. (2013), “How Do Squatters Deal with the State? Legalization and Anomalous Institutionalization in Madrid”, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 38(2): 1-29.

Martínez, M.A. (2019), “Amanda Huron 2018: Carving out the Commons: Tenant Organizing and Housing Cooperatives in Washington, DC”, book review, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 43(4): 812-814.

Martínez, M.A. (2020), Squatters in the capitalist city. Housing, justice and urban policy, New York and London: Routledge.

Miller, F.D. (1999), “The end of Students for a Democratic Society and the emergence of weatherman: Demise through success”. In Freeman, J. and Johnson, V. (eds), Waves of protest: Social movements since the Sixties, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, pp. 304-324.

Mudu P., and S. Chattopadhyay (eds.) (2017), Migration, Squatting and Radical Autonomy, London and New York: Routledge.

Ontiveros, J.R., Sánchez, A.M. and Tirado, G.A. (2017), “Introducción”. In Historia y memoria de los movimientos estudiantiles: a 45 años del 68. Vol. 1. Los movimientos estudiantiles en la ciudad de México, Ciudad de México: UNAM-Gernika, pp. 11-30.

Ostrom, E. (1990), Governing the Commons. The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Pleyers, G. (2010), Alter-globalization: Becoming Actors in the Global Age, Cambridge: Polity.

Quiroz, H. (2016), Aproximaciones a la historia del urbanismo popular. Experiencias en ciudades mexicanas, México: UNAM.

Saeed, R. (2009), “Conceptualising success and failure for social movements”, Law, Social Justice and Global Development Journal, (2): 1-13.

Sandoval, H. M. (2011), La configuración del pensamiento anarquista en México. Horizonte libertario de La Social y el Partido Liberal Mexicano, México: Grietas Editores

Tomás, F. (1996), “Acerca de un nuevo modelo de regularización de los asentamientos irregulares en la ciudad de México”, In Azuela, A. and Tomas, F. (cords.), El acceso de los pobres al suelo urbano. México: Centro de Estudios Mexicanos y Centroamericanos, pp. 233-242.

Trevizo, D. (2006), “Between Zapata and Che: A comparison of social movement success and failure in Mexico”, Social Science History, 30(2): 197-229.

Tzul, G. (2015), “Sistema de gobierno comunal indígena: la organización de la reproducción de la vida”, El Apantle. Revista de Estudios Comunitarios, 1: 127-139.

Van Der Steenn, B., Katzeff, A. and Van Hoogenhuijze, L. (2014), The City Is Ours. Squatting and autonomous movements in Europe from the 1970s to the present, Oakland: PM Press.

Velázquez, U. (2016), “El movimiento social impulsado por Florencio Medrano Mederos “el Güero”, la lucha armada y el PPUA en el Estado de Morelos. 1973-1979”, Pacarina del Sur. Revista de Pensamiento Crítico Latinoamericano, 8 (29), recovered from www.pacarinadelsur.com/index.php?

option=com_content&view=article&id=1376&catid=59

Volpi, J. (1998), La imaginación y el poder Una historia intelectual de 1968, México: Era.

Wälty, T. (2018), Mujeres Rebeldes. Cuerpo, feminidad y agencia en el movimiento punk de la Ciudad de México, PhD Thesis, Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin.

Zibechi, R. (2003), “Los movimientos sociales latinoamericanos: tendencias y desafíos”, Osal, 9: 185-188.

Downloads

Published

15-11-2020