Le “primavere arabe”: nascita e involuzione

Abstract

Started with similar social backgrounds, the Arab Springs have soon showed their peculiarities and differences. After the original requests for better living conditions, jobs opportunities and the restraint of rapacious and corrupted bureaucracies, the post-revolutionary process has seen the rise in power of the Islamic Brotherhood and other Islamic parties, but also their incapacity to control internal economies, tribal powers and democratic dynamics. Their failure has produced dramatic consequences: military restoration in Egypt, civil war in Syria, anarchy in Libya, while the dissolution of national security systems has helped infiltration of jihadist and terrorist groups in the Sub-Saharian Africa. The political and financial attention paid by Gulf Petro-monarchies and by Iran to Arab Springs for enlarging their soft power in the Region has reactivated the ancient Sunni-Shia and Muslim Brotherhood-Salafist confrontation. In spite of these competitions, new regimes in Maghreb have not, for the moment, dramatically changed their regional and international relations