% Guide for Authors, 2020/12/26
\documentclass{notemata}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{nmmacro}
\usepackage{hyperref}
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\makeatletter
\newcommand{\addbslash}{\expandafter\@addbslash\string}
\def\@addbslash#1{\bslchar\@nobslash#1}
\newcommand{\nobslash}{\expandafter\@nobslash\string}
\def\@nobslash#1{\ifnum`#1=\bslchar\else#1\fi}
\newcommand{\ntt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}
\def\@boxorbreak{\leavevmode
  \ifmmode\hbox\else\ifdim\lastskip=\z@\penalty9999 \fi\fi}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\cs}[1]{\@boxorbreak{\ntt\addbslash#1\@empty}}
\makeatother
\pagestyle{myheadings}\frenchspacing
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% D O C U M E N T
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\begin{document}
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% Article 1_park
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\begin{article}
\begin{opening}
  \title{Note di Matematica\\ instructions for authors}
\author{Author One\thanks{This
      work is partially supported by\dots}}
  \institute{Department of\dots, University of\dots\\
    \email{one@xxx.xxx.xx}}
\author{Author Two\thanks{This
      work is partially supported by\dots}}
 \institute{Department of\dots, University of\dots\\
    \email{two@yyy.yyy.yy}}
  \runningauthor{A. One, A. Two} \runningtitle{Instructions for authors}
\begin{abstract}
  This article is a set of instructions for users of
  \texttt{notemat.cls}. Author could also look at the source file
  \texttt{.tex} as the main example of usage of the style.
\end{abstract}

  \keywords{instructions, \LaTeX2e}
  \classification{primary 00X00, secondary 00Y00}
\end{opening}

\section*{Introduction}

This article contains guidelines to the use of \texttt{notemat.cls},
the style file of the journal \emph{Note di Matematica}. The article
is intended primarily for authors of papers to be published in
\emph{Note di Matematica}, even if \texttt{notemat.cls} can also be used to
write papers to be submitted to \emph{Note di Matematica}.

The style file \texttt{notemat.cls} will only work in \LaTeX. \LaTeX is a
language for writing mathematical texts, and it is free of charge. A starting
point to download it and to get documentation is the website of the \LaTeX
project, \url{https://www.latex-project.org/}. The current version of \LaTeX is
named \LaTeXe.

This article is \emph{not} a guide to \LaTeX. If authors wish to learn
to use \LaTeX, standard references are the book \cite{lamport94} as a
general guide and \cite{GMS94} as a guide to the official extensions to
\LaTeX\ (\emph{i.e.}, styles and packages). A basic knowledge of
\TeX\ is not required; in any case, the main reference is
\cite{knuth84}. There are a lot of free guides and manuals in
Internet: the primary source for on-line documentation is
CTAN, the official \TeX (and \LaTeX) archive at
\url{http://www.ctan.org}. A suggested free guide is \cite{lshort}.

The author of this article is
\href{http://poincare.unisalento.it/vitolo}{R. Vitolo}, who is also the copy
editor of Note di Matematica and the author of the style files. You are invited
to send your questions or comments to \url{raffaele.vitolo@unisalento.it}.

\section{Preamble}

The preamble is the first part of a \LaTeX\ file, and is the place for
style declarations and macro definitions.  To use the style of
\emph{Note di Matematica}, authors must write the following lines at
the beginning of their \texttt{.tex} file:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass{notemata}
\usepackage{nmmacro}
\end{verbatim}
The first line loads the style file \texttt{notemat.cls}, the second
loads the file \newline
\texttt{nmmacro.sty} containing some definitions of
theorem-like environments.

Authors may wish to use more styles in their papers. In principle, any of the
\LaTeX\ styles contained in CTAN, the official \TeX\ archive, can be used. In
particular, if the paper contains many displayed equations or many mathematical
symbols, the American Mathematical Society style \texttt{amsmath.sty} and
symbols \texttt{amssymb.sty} are recommended.  They must be loaded
\emph{before} \newline \texttt{nmmacro.sty}, in this way:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass{notemata}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{nmmacro}
\end{verbatim}
These styles are available at CTAN or at the site of the American
Mathematical Society, \url{http://www.ams.org}. All modern
\LaTeX\ distributions (programs and files) include these packages and
the corresponding documentation.

Authors should limit the number of their own macros (definitions).
Most authors provide a lot of macros that they do not even use. The
excess of macros is bad because they could conflict with some other
author's macros in the process of joining the papers to produce the journal.
For this reason, it is a good idea to use relatively long names for macros
(at least $3$ characters, definitely \emph{not} $1$ character).

Any article must begin and end as follow:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{document}
\begin{article}
.........
\end{article}
\end{document}
\end{verbatim}
The \texttt{article} environment affects only some style parameters
and does not interfere with author's commands and text.

\section{Title}

The title and relevant information about the authors and the paper is
contained in the environment \texttt{opening}, which is to be put just
after the command \cs{\begin\{article\}}:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{article}
\begin{opening}
\title{...}
\author{...\thanks{...}}
\institute{...\email{...}}
\runningauthor{...}\runningtitle{...}
\begin{abstract}...\end{abstract}
\keywords{...}\classification{...}
\end{opening}
\end{verbatim}
\emph{Any of the above fields is mandatory}, with the
exception of \cs{\thanks}.  Besides the obvious
\cs{\author}, \cs{\institute}, \cs{\email} and \texttt{abstract},
\begin{itemize}
\item \cs{\title} should be capitalized as a normal text sentence,
  \emph{i.e.}, the use of uppercase letters at the beginning of each
  word is discouraged;
\item \cs{\thanks} should contain acknowledgements of grants;
\item \cs{\runningauthor} and \cs{\runningtitle} are, respectively, the left
header and the right header, and must contain a short version of the
authors' names and a short version of the title of the article (both
should not exceed 60 characters including spaces);
\item \cs{\keywords} must contain some keywords about the article;
\item \cs{\classification} must contain MSC 2020 classification, at
  least a primary subject and zero or more secondary subjects. The
  MSC 2020 classification can be found at \url{http://www.ams.org/msc}.
\end{itemize}

Note that the standard \LaTeX\ instructions for titles
are not suitable for \emph{Note di Matematica}.

\section{Writing text and math}

There are few important things to remember when writing a text to give
it the best appearance within the \LaTeX\ system.
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Text.}
  \begin{enumerate}
  \item \emph{Periods and spaces.} \emph{Note di Matematica} is
    printed with the instruction \cs{\frenchspacing}. This causes
    extra spaces after the end of a sentence (with respect to the
    normal interword space) to be suppressed, according to European
    common typesetting rules.
  \item \emph{Font switching commands.} \LaTeX\ uses a completely
    new set of instruction for switching font with respect to the old
    \LaTeX $2.09$. Authors should use such new instructions instead of
    the old ones. For example, the instruction \{\cs{\it...}\} should be
    replaced by \cs{\textit\{...\}} or by \cs{\emph\{...\}}, when
    italics is used to emphasize text.
  \item \emph{New paragraphs}. A new paragraph always begins with an
    indentation. This means that authors should not use \cs{\\} to
    have a new paragraph; they should use an empty line instead.
  \item \emph{Space between paragraphs.} Sometimes it is useful to
    leave an extra space between distinct paragraphs. Authors should
    use the command \cs{\medskip} for this, and not an arbitrarily
    defined command, in order to guarantee the uniformity in the
    text.
  \item \emph{Overfull and underfull.} Try to keep minimal the number
    of overfull \cs{\hbox} and underfull \cs{\vbox}. Normally, bad
    underfull are generated by figures or by big displayed formulae.
    Try placing figures in the best possible way and to break big
    displays. Instead, overfull \cs{\hbox} are given by bad line
    breakings. Note di Matematica has a tolerance of 2pt in this
    sense; try to be under this limit, eventually by adjusting the sentences.
  \end{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Math.} The following rules are taken from
  \cite[Chap. 18]{knuth84}.
  \begin{enumerate}
  \item \emph{Punctuation.} It must be put within a displayed formula
    and just outside an in-line formula. Accordingly, in a list of
    formulas in text, use \texttt{\$a\$, \$b\$} instead of
    \texttt{\$a, b\$}.
  \item \emph{Operators.} Operators in math must be written in roman
    font, not in math font. To achieve this, use the line
\begin{verbatim}
\DeclareMathOperator{\operator}{operator}
\end{verbatim}
    in the preamble, then use \cs{\operator} to obtain the word \lq
    operator\rq\ with the right spacing in the formula. Note that most
    common operators like \cs{\sin} are already defined. Never use
    \texttt{sin}! The result would be very bad.
  \item \emph{Spacing.} Use the instructions \cs{\!} \cs{\,} \cs{\>}
    \cs{\;} \cs{\quad} \cs{\qquad} to give proper spacing between
    objects of your formulae.
  \item \emph{Ellipsis.} Ellipsis are used in various ways. Authors
    should use the command \cs{\ldots} to achieve an ellipsis like
    $x_1,\ldots,x_n$, and the command \cs{\cdots} to achieve the
    following ellipsis: $x_1+\cdots+x_n$. The difference is in the
    positions of the symbols that precede and follow the ellipsis.
  \item \emph{Sets.} Sets are written in the following way:
    \texttt{\$\{\cs{\,}a\cs{\mid} a\cs{\in} A\cs{\,}\}\$}, producing
    $\{\,a\mid a\in A\,\}$.
  \item \emph{Delimiters.} In displayed formulae the commands
    \cs{\left(} and \cs{\right)} must be used to achieve the right
    size in order to enclose the formula in parentheses. The same
    thing must be done also for other vertical delimiters like braces, etc..
  \end{enumerate}
\end{enumerate}

\section{Theorems}

In order to guarantee `homogeneity' of the articles in the journal,
the style file \texttt{nmmacro.sty} contains definitions of some of
the most used theorem-like environments of mathematical papers.
Namely, we provide the environments \texttt{Lemma, Proposition,
Theorem, Corollary, Conjecture, Definition, Remark,}\newline
\texttt{Note, Example}. Their use is very simple, here is an example:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{Theorem}
............
\end{Theorem}
\end{verbatim}
Just recall to \emph{use the uppercase letter} in the environment's
name. If there is the need to give a name to the theorem, the
following line
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{Theorem}[Poincar\'e's lemma]
............
\end{verbatim}
will produce \textbf{Theorem n. (Poincar\'e's lemma)}.
These environments have been created with the AMS style
\texttt{amsthm.sty}, hence \emph{they require it}. All modern \LaTeX\ 
distributions (programs and files) should have it. In any case, it is
available at CTAN or AMS sites.

\section{Cross-references}

A very useful construct in \LaTeX\ is given by \cs{\label\{...\}} and
\cs{\ref\{...\}} instructions (\dots stands for an arbitrary
alphanumeric string). If you need to make reference to a
numbered environment (like a theorem, a section, etc.) then you may
put a \cs{\label\{...\}} command in the numbered environment and a
\cs{\ref\{...\}} command where the reference is needed. The last command
will print the number of the corresponding \cs{\label\{...\}}.

Authors are strongly encouraged to make use of this construct instead
of using the environments' number. In fact, this number can be changed
when assembling the issue of the journal, but the use of \cs{\label\{...\}} and
\cs{\ref\{...\}} avoids possible problems.

Use descriptive labels, like \cs{\label\{auth1auth2:theor1\}}, in
order to avoid confusion with labels of other authors when assembling papers.


\section{Figures}

The preferred format for figures is Encapsulated
PostScript$^{\text{TM}}$ (\texttt{.eps}). Any other format will be
converted to \texttt{.eps}, and the publisher does not guarantee about
the result. You should choose 0.1mm of width for thin
lines and 0.3mm of width for thick lines in your drawing program.

In order to load \texttt{.eps} figures in your output file
(\texttt{.dvi} or \texttt{.pdf}) you must load a graphic package for \LaTeX.
 There are many of these packages. A good choice is \texttt{graphicx}. This
package is described in \cite{GMS94}, and there is a lot of freely
available documentation in Internet, see \texttt{http://www.ctan.org}. It is
loaded by putting at the beginning of the input file the following
line just after the \emph{Note di Matematica} styles:
\begin{verbatim}
..........
\usepackage{graphicx}
..........
\end{verbatim}
In this case, the syntax for the inclusion of the figure
\texttt{foo.eps} should be
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}[options]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=...cm,height=...cm]{foo.eps}\\
  \caption{\label{myfig} Figure}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}
Here, \texttt{[options]} are options for figure positioning,
\texttt{width} and \texttt{height} are the dimensions of the figure,
and \cs{\caption} produces the caption of the figure, with a
suitable label for cross-references.

\begin{acknowledgements}
  Acknowledgements to persons or institutions should be put in a
  separate environment before the beginning of the bibliography, with
  the following syntax:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{acknowledgements}
..........
\end{acknowledgements}
\end{verbatim}
\end{acknowledgements}

\section{Bibliography}

There are two styles for references. One is for papers and similar, and
the other is for books and similar. In the first case \cite{DG}, the
title of the paper is in italics, in the second case \cite{DGCP} the
title is in normal font.

\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bibitem{DG} \textsc{E. De Giorgi}: \textit{Sulla differenziabilit\`a
    e l'analiticit\`a delle estremali degli integrali multipli
    regolari}, Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino, Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat.,
  \textbf{3}, n. 3, 25--43.

\bibitem{DGCP} \textsc{E. De Giorgi, F. Colombini, L. C. Piccinini}:
Frontiere orientate di misura minima e questioni collegate, Quaderni
Sc. Norm. Sup. Pisa, Ed. Tecn. Scient., Pisa 1972.

\end{thebibliography}

The above bibliography is produced by the following commands

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bibitem{DG} \textsc{E. De Giorgi}: \textit{Sulla
differenziabilit\`a e l'analiticit\`a delle estremali degli
integrali multipli regolari}, Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino,
Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat., \textbf{3}, n. 3, 25--43.

\bibitem{DGCP} \textsc{E. De Giorgi, F. Colombini,
L. C. Piccinini}: Frontiere orientate di misura minima e
questioni collegate, Quaderni Sc. Norm. Sup. Pisa,
Ed. Tecn. Scient., Pisa 1972.

\end{thebibliography}
\end{verbatim}
In order to make reference to an bibliography item in the text,
authors are encouraged to use the instruction \cs{\cite\{...\}}, where
\dots stands for the suitable label in \cs{\bibitem\{...\}}. The use
of this instruction permits to refer to the correct bibliography entry
even if the order in the bibliography changes.

Use long and descriptive bibliography keys, like
\cs{\cite\{DeG71\}}, in order
to avoid confusion with keys of other authors when assembling papers.

\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\bibitem{GMS94}
\textsc{M. Goossens, F. Mittelbach, A. Samarin}:
The {\LaTeX} Companion, Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey, Reading, MA, USA, 1994.

\bibitem{knuth84}
\textsc{D. E. Knuth}: The {\TeX}book,
Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey, Reading, MA, USA, 1984.

\bibitem{lamport94} \textsc{L. Lamport}:
\LaTeXe. A document preparation
system, 2nd revised ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1994.

\bibitem{lshort} \textsc{T. Oetiker, H. Partl, I. Hyna, E. Schlegl}:
  The Not So Short Introduction to \LaTeXe,
  \url{http://mirrors.ctan.org/info/lshort/english/lshort.pdf}.
\end{thebibliography}
\end{article}
\end{document}